Qurbani Karne Ka Tarika
Mukhtasar Jaiza (Quick Summary)
Is article mein aap janenge:
- Qurbani kya hai aur kyon wajib hai
- Qurbani ke janwar ki shuroot
- Qurbani karne ka sahi waqt
- Qurbani karne ka step-by-step tarika
- Qurbani se pehle aur baad ki duain
- Gosht taqseem karne ka sahi tariqa
Qurbani Kya Hai? (Definition & Importance)
Qurbani ek aham mali ibadat hai jo har sahib-e-nisab Muslim mard aur aurat par wajib hai. Shari’at mein Qurbani ka matlab hai: Allah Ta’ala ki raza aur qurb haasil karne ke liye ek khaas janwar ko, Eid-ul-Adha ke muqarrar dino mein, Allah ka naam lekar zibah karna.
Qurbani ka hukm Quran-e-Kareem mein Surah Al-Kausar (Ayat 2) se maakhooz hai:
“Fa salli li Rabbika wanhar” — Apne Rabb ke liye namaz parho aur Qurbani karo. (Surah Al-Kausar: 2)
Qurbani Kyon Ki Jaati Hai?
Qurbani Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S.) ki azeem qurbani ki yaadgaar hai. Jab unhon ne apne betay Hazrat Ismail (A.S.) ko Allah ke hukm par zibah karna chaha, to Allah Ta’ala ne unhe jannati dumbay se badal diya. Is sunnah-e-Ibrahimi ki pairwi karna Ummah-e-Muslima ka shan hai.
Hadith Shareef: Rasoolullah (S.A.W.) ne farmaya:
“Jo shakhsh qurbani karne ki taaqat rakhte hue bhi Qurbani na kare, woh hamare eidgaah mein na aaye.”
— (Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith: 3123)
Qurbani Kis Par Wajib Hai?
Qurbani un logon par wajib hai jinmein yeh shuroot payi jayein:
| Shart | Tafseel |
|---|---|
| Muslim hona | Ghair-Muslim par wajib nahi |
| Baalig hona | Bachon par wajib nahi |
| Aaqil hona | Deewane par wajib nahi |
| Sahib-e-Nisaab hona | 7.5 tola sone ya 52.5 tola chaandi ke barabar maal ka malik hona |
| Muqeem hona | Musaafir par Qurbani wajib nahi, albatta kare to jaiz hai |
Qurbani Ke Janwar Ki Shuroot
Kaun Se Janwar Halal Hain?
Sirf yeh janwar Qurbani ke liye durust hain:
Ek hisse ki Qurbani (Sirf 1 shakhsh ke liye):
- Bakra / Bakri (Goat)
- Dumba / Bher (Sheep/Ram)
Saat hissay ki Qurbani (7 afraad ke liye):
- Gaye / Bael (Cow/Bull)
- Bhains (Buffalo)
- Oont / Camel
Janwar Ki Umra Ki Shart
| Janwar | Kam az Kam Umra |
|---|---|
| Bakra / Bakri | 1 saal mukammal |
| Dumba / Bher | 6 maheene (agar mota aur bhaari ho, warna 1 saal) |
| Gaye / Bhains | 2 saal mukammal |
| Oont / Camel | 5 saal mukammal |
Qurbani Ke Janwar Mein Ayb (Defects) Jo Najaiz Karte Hain
Qurbani ka janwar in aiyoob se paak hona chahiye:
- Andha hona — chahe ek aankh se bhi
- Langda hona — jo chalne mein asir ho
- Bimaar hona — wazeh bemari wala janwar
- Bahut duble hona — jo haddiyon tak kamzor ho
- Kaan ya dum kat jaana — zyaada hissa kata hua
- Seeng toot jaana — agar johr (marrow) tak pahunche
Maloomat: Halka nuqs (jaise thodi lambaai kam seeng, ya thodi si kaata) se Qurbani makrooh hoti hai lekin wajib ada ho jaati hai.
Qurbani Karne Ka Waqt
Qurbani 10 Zil-Hijja (Eid-ul-Adha) ki Fajr ke baad shuru hoti hai aur 12 Zil-Hijja ke suraj dhalne se pehle khatam ho jaati hai.
| Din | Fazeelat |
|---|---|
| 10 Zil-Hijja (Eid ka din) | Sab se afzal din — jaldi karna mustahabb |
| 11 Zil-Hijja | Doosra afzal din |
| 12 Zil-Hijja (akhri waqt shaam tak) | Aakhri mauqa — suraj dhalne se pehle |
Zaroori note: Shehr mein Eid ki namaz se pehle Qurbani karna durust nahi. Namaz ke baad hi karna jaiz hai. Dehat (gaon) mein Fajr ke baad kisi bhi waqt jaiz hai.
Qurbani Karne Ka Tarika — Step by Step
Step 1: Tayyaari (Preparation)
- Qurbani karne se pehle janwar ko pani aur ghaas pilayen aur khilayen
- Churi tez karein — lekin janwar ke saamne nahi (Hadith mein iska sakhti se mana hai)
- Janwar ko narm andaaz se zibah karne ki jagah le jayen
- Zibah karne wala wuzu mein hona mustahabb hai
Step 2: Janwar Ko Litana
- Janwar ko bayin pehlu (left side) par litayen
- Janwar ka munh Qibla (Ka’aba) ki taraf hona chahiye
- Paonn ko rope se bandh kar saktey hain
- Zibah karne wala apna dahina pair janwar ki gardan ya pehlu par rakhein
Step 3: Qurbani Se Pehle Ki Dua
Churi halaq par rakhne se pehle yeh dua padhen:
Arabic:
إِنِّي وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَبِذَلِكَ أُمِرْتُ وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، بِسْمِ اللهِ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ
Roman Urdu Transliteration:
Inni wajjahtu wajhiya lillazi fataras samawati wal arz haneefan wa ma ana minal mushrikeen. Inna salati wa nusuki wa mahyaya wa mamati lillahi rabbil aalameen. La sharika lahu wa bizalika umirtu wa ana awwalul muslimeen. Bismillahi Allahu Akbar.
Urdu Tarjuma:
“Main ne apna munh us zaat ki taraf kiya jis ne aasman aur zameen banaye, aur main mushrikeen mein se nahi. Beshak meri namaz, meri qurbani, mera jeena aur marna sab Allah Rabb-ul-Aalameen ke liye hai. Uska koi shareek nahi, mujhe isi ka hukm diya gaya aur main sabse pehle itaat karne wala hoon. Allah ke naam se, Allah sab se bara hai.”
Step 4: Zibah Karna
- Churi tezi se aur ek hi baar mein chalayein
- Zaroor teen ragein (do khoon ki naliyan, ek saans ki nali, ek khaane ki nali) kaatni hain — kam az kam 3 ragein katna lazim hai
- Zibah karte waqt “Bismillah Allahu Akbar” ka lafz muh se nikaalen
- Khoon achi tarah bahne dein — jaldi chhalna nahi chahiye
Step 5: Zibah Ke Baad Ki Dua
Arabic:
اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْهُ مِنِّي كَمَا تَقَبَّلْتَ مِنْ حَبِيبِكَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَخَلِيلِكَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَام
Roman Urdu:
Allahumma taqabbalhu minni kama taqabbalta min habibika Muhammadin wa khalilika Ibrahima alaihimas salam.
Tarjuma:
“Aye Allah! Meri taraf se yeh qurbani qabool farma, jis tarah tu ne apne mahboob Muhammad (S.A.W.) aur apne khalil Ibrahim (A.S.) ki qurbaniyan qabool farmayeen.”
Zaroori note: Agar koi aur ka janwar zibah kar rahe hain, to “Minni” ki jagah us shakhsh ka naam lo. Maslan: “Min Khalid” ya “Min Fatima” — aur baad mein unka naam len.
Qurbani Ka Gosht Taqseem Karne Ka Tarika
Islam ne gosht ki taqseem ka ek munsifana tariqa bataya hai. Fuqaha ka mashwarah yeh hai:
| Hissa | Kiske liye |
|---|---|
| 1/3 hissa | Gareeb aur masakeen ke liye (zaruri) |
| 1/3 hissa | Rishtedaar, doost aur padosi ke liye |
| 1/3 hissa | Apne ghar ke liye |
Zaroori Ahkam (Important Rules):
- Agar ghar mein bahut afraad hain, to poora gosht ghar mein bhi laga sakte hain
- Gosht ka sadqa dena zyada sawab hai — gareeb pehle
- Gosht bechna jaiz nahi qurbani ki niyyat se
- Gosht ghair-Muslim ko dena jaiz hai — yeh husn-e-ikhlaq ka hissa hai
- Janwar ki khaal madrase ya kisi din institution ko dena afzal hai
- Zibah karne wale ko mazdoori mein gosht ya khaal nahi di ja sakti — uski alahida ujrat deni hogi
Aksar Poochhe Jane Wale Sawalaat (FAQs)
Q: Kya aurat Qurbani kar sakti hai?
A: Haan, aurat Qurbani kar sakti hai. Koi shar’i mana nahi hai. Lekin mard ka karna zyada mustahabb hai.
Q: Kya ek bakre mein ghar ke sab afraad shareek ho sakte hain?
A: Nahi. Bakre/dumbay mein sirf ek shakhsh ki niyyat ho sakti hai. Gaye/camel mein 7 tak shareek ho sakte hain.
Q: Kya Qurbani ka gosht market mein bech sakte hain?
A: Nahi, yeh jaiz nahi. Qurbani ka gosht sadqah, taqseem ya khud istemaal ke liye hai.
Q: Agar Qurbani ka janwar khud mar jaye to kya hoga?
A: Agar Qurbani ke waqt se pehle bina qusoor ke mar gaya, to naya janwar kharidna waajib nahi — lekin behtar hai.
Q: Kya bahar ke mulk (foreign) mein Qurbani di ja sakti hai?
A: Haan, kisi dusre mulk mein Qurbani dena jaiz hai — maslan Pakistan ya Bangladesh mein paise bhej kar.
Mukhtasar Checklist — Qurbani Se Pehle
- Janwar sahi umra ka hai
- Janwar kisi aib se paak hai
- Eid ki namaz ho chuki hai (shehr mein)
- Churi tez hai aur janwar ke saamne nahi
- Janwar ko paani pilaya gaya
- Munh Qibla ki taraf hai
- Dua yaad hai ya saamne rakhi hui hai
Khatima (Conclusion)
Qurbani sirf ek rasm nahi — yeh Allah ki taraf se ek imtihaan aur itteba’-e-sunnah-e-Ibrahimi ka zareeya hai. Is ibadat ko sahi tarike se ada karna na sirf farz ki adaaigi hai, balki Allah ki raza aur maghfirat ka bhi zariya hai.
Is guide ko apne doston aur ghar walon ke saath share karein taaki woh bhi sahi tarike se yeh aham ibadat ada kar saken.
Hawale (References):
- Surah Al-Kausar, Ayat 2 (Quran-e-Kareem)
- Sunan Ibn Majah, Kitab-ul-Adahi
- Fatawa Alamgiri (Hanafi Fiqh)
- Bahishti Zewar — Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi
- Ahsan-ul-Fatawa — Mufti Rasheed Ahmad
Yeh article Islamic Fiqh (Hanafi maslak) ke mutabiq hai. Kisi bhi masle mein apne ilaaqa ke aalim se zaroor rahnumai lein.